The classic symptoms of bacterial meningitis include fever, headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status. However, not all patients experience all these symptoms. Other signs may include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and confusion. In severe cases, seizures or coma can occur. It's crucial to seek medical attention immediately if meningitis is suspected, as early treatment is vital for the best outcome.

Diagnosing bacterial meningitis typically involves a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid. Blood tests and imaging studies may also be performed. Once diagnosed, treatment with intravenous antibiotics is started immediately, often before test results are available. The specific antibiotic regimen depends on the patient's age, risk factors, and the suspected bacteria causing the infection. In some cases, corticosteroids may be given to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes.

Bacterial meningitis can lead to serious complications, even with prompt treatment. These may include hearing loss, cognitive impairment, seizures, and brain damage. In severe cases, it can cause death. The risk of complications increases with delayed treatment, which is why early recognition and rapid medical intervention are crucial. Long-term follow-up may be necessary to monitor for and manage any lasting effects of the infection.

Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe complications and improve outcomes.