Risk factors for stroke can be divided into two categories: modifiable and unmodifiable. Modifiable risk factors include hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and physical inactivity. These factors can be controlled or managed through lifestyle changes and medical treatment. On the other hand, unmodifiable risk factors such as age, race, and family history cannot be changed, but being aware of them can help in tailoring prevention strategies. Combining both types of factors accounts for a significant portion of the population's risk for stroke.

Risk assessment tools, like those from the Framingham Study, can help predict stroke risk by evaluating the presence of multiple risk factors. These calculators consider elements like atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease to offer a comprehensive risk profile. The tools suggest that having two or more risk factors greatly increases one's risk of stroke. By using these assessments, individuals can better understand their personal risk and take proactive steps towards prevention.

Managing stroke risk involves addressing both modifiable risk factors and underlying health issues. This includes lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, regular exercise, and a healthy diet. Medical strategies such as blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and the use of antithrombotic therapy are also vital. A multidisciplinary approach, considering social determinants of health like medication affordability and access to care, enhances the effectiveness of these strategies.

Understanding and managing risk factors is crucial for preventing future strokes.