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Could You Have a Vitamin B12 Deficiency? Key Signs to Watch For
Published: Nov 24, 2023
Vitamin B12 deficiency is more common than you might think, affecting up to 15% of older adults. Knowing the signs could help you catch and treat it early.
What Causes B12 Deficiency?
B12 deficiency often stems from problems absorbing the vitamin, not just low dietary intake. Common culprits include autoimmune conditions, certain medications, and gastrointestinal surgeries or disorders. Strict vegans and vegetarians are also at higher risk if they don't supplement.
Key Symptoms to Look Out For
Fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath are common signs of B12 deficiency due to anemia. You may also experience neurological symptoms like numbness or tingling in hands and feet, balance problems, memory issues, or mood changes. Some people develop a smooth, red tongue or pale/yellowed skin.
How It's Diagnosed
Doctors typically diagnose B12 deficiency through blood tests measuring B12 levels and complete blood count. Additional tests may be needed in borderline cases. It's important to catch deficiency early, as some neurological effects can become irreversible if left untreated for too long.
Treatment Options
B12 deficiency is usually treated with high-dose B12 supplements, either as injections or oral tablets. The exact regimen depends on the underlying cause and severity. Some people may need lifelong supplementation, while others might only need short-term treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Older adults, vegans, and those with certain autoimmune or gastrointestinal conditions.
B12 is generally considered safe, even in high doses.
It affects 1-2% of the general population and up to 15% of older adults.
If untreated, it can lead to severe anemia and permanent nerve damage.
Not usually, as most cases stem from absorption issues, not just diet.
Key Takeaways
B12 deficiency is common but treatable when caught early, so know the signs and risk factors.
References
- Stabler SP. Clinical practice. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:149.
- Green R. Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist. Blood 2017.
- Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S. Vitamin B12 deficiency. BMJ 2014; 349:g5226.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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