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Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis: What Tests Are Used?
Published: Sep 26, 2024
Diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) can be challenging because its symptoms can mimic other conditions. Doctors use a combination of tests and criteria to make an accurate diagnosis.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI is the most important test for diagnosing MS. It can reveal areas of damage (lesions) in the brain and spinal cord. Doctors look for lesions in specific areas and patterns characteristic of MS. Sometimes, a contrast dye is used to highlight active inflammation.
Lumbar Puncture
Also known as a spinal tap, this test analyzes the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. In MS, this fluid often contains higher levels of certain antibodies, called oligoclonal bands. Their presence can help confirm the diagnosis of MS.
Evoked Potential Tests
These tests measure the electrical activity in the brain in response to stimulation of specific sensory nerve pathways. They can detect slowed nerve conduction due to demyelination, even when symptoms aren't apparent. Visual evoked potentials are the most commonly used in MS diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions
Usually not; diagnosis typically requires multiple tests and clinical evaluation.
It can vary, from weeks to months, depending on the individual case.
MRI and evoked potentials are painless; lumbar puncture may cause temporary discomfort.
Putting It All Together
Diagnosing MS involves combining test results with clinical symptoms and ruling out other conditions.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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