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How Dangerous Are the Side Effects of Glucocorticoids?
Published: Jan 19, 2024
Glucocorticoids are lifesavers for many, but they come with a price: potential side effects. Being aware of these risks can help in making informed treatment decisions.
Impact on Blood Sugar and Weight
Glucocorticoids can cause significant changes in metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and weight gain. These effects are due to increased glucose production and appetite, which can lead to diabetes if not monitored. Patients should regularly check their blood sugar levels and manage their diet to mitigate these risks.
Bone and Muscle Health Risks
Long-term use of glucocorticoids can weaken bones, leading to osteoporosis and fractures. They can also cause muscle weakness, known as myopathy. To counteract these effects, patients are advised to engage in weight-bearing exercises and consider supplements like calcium and vitamin D.
Cardiovascular Concerns
Glucocorticoids can affect heart health by increasing blood pressure and the risk of heart disease. These effects are dose-dependent, meaning higher doses pose greater risks. Patients with existing heart conditions should discuss these risks with their doctor to adjust medication plans.
Skin and Appearance Changes
Patients may notice changes in their appearance, such as skin thinning, bruising, and a Cushingoid face. These effects are often reversible after discontinuing glucocorticoids, but they can be distressing. Using sun protection and maintaining a healthy skincare routine may help minimize these changes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, they can lead to hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Yes, long-term use can cause osteoporosis.
They can increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.
Yes, they can cause skin thinning and a Cushingoid face.
Exercise and supplements like calcium and vitamin D can help.
The Bottom Line
While glucocorticoids are effective, their side effects require careful management.
References
- Schäcke H, Döcke WD, Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 96:23.
- Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, et al. Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med 1994; 96:115.
- Messer J, Reitman D, Sacks HS, et al. Association of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic-ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 1983; 309:21.
- Gabriel SE, Jaakkimainen L, Bombardier C. Risk for serious gastrointestinal complications related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115:787.
- Fardet L, Flahault A, Kettaneh A, et al. Corticosteroid-induced clinical adverse events: frequency, risk factors and patient's opinion. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:142.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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