Doctronic navigation menu Log In
Doctronic navigation menu
Contents
  • Understanding Splenic Rupture
  • Risk Factors for Splenic Rupture
  • Recognizing the Signs
  • Diagnosis and Treatment

Splenic Rupture: A Rare but Serious Emergency

Splenic Rupture: A Rare but Serious Emergency

When Seconds Count

Splenic rupture is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. But what causes it, and how can you recognize the signs?
Contents
  • Understanding Splenic Rupture
  • Risk Factors for Splenic Rupture
  • Recognizing the Signs
  • Diagnosis and Treatment

Understanding Splenic Rupture

The spleen is a delicate organ filled with blood. When it ruptures, it can cause rapid internal bleeding. This can happen due to trauma, like a car accident or sports injury. However, sometimes splenic rupture can occur without obvious trauma, a condition known as atraumatic splenic rupture.

Risk Factors for Splenic Rupture

Several conditions can increase the risk of splenic rupture. Infections like mononucleosis can cause the spleen to enlarge, making it more vulnerable to rupture. Blood cancers, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can also increase risk. Certain medications, including anticoagulants, may contribute to spontaneous rupture in rare cases.
Splenic rupture is a life-threatening condition characterized by the tearing of the spleen, leading to internal bleeding. It can be caused by trauma or occur spontaneously.

Recognizing the Signs

The symptoms of splenic rupture can be dramatic. Severe, sudden pain in the left upper abdomen is common. This may be accompanied by left shoulder pain, a phenomenon called Kehr's sign. Other symptoms can include lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, a person may lose consciousness due to blood loss.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If splenic rupture is suspected, immediate medical attention is crucial. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like CT scans or ultrasounds, along with blood tests. Treatment depends on the severity of the rupture. In some cases, observation and supportive care may be sufficient. More severe cases may require surgery, potentially including removal of the spleen (splenectomy).

FAQs

Can splenic rupture happen without injury?

Yes, this is called atraumatic or spontaneous splenic rupture.

Is splenic rupture always an emergency?

Yes, it requires immediate medical attention due to the risk of severe bleeding.

Can you prevent splenic rupture?

While not always preventable, avoiding high-impact activities when the spleen is enlarged can help.

Does a ruptured spleen always need to be removed?

Not always; some cases can be managed without surgery, depending on severity.

Can you live normally after splenic rupture?

Most people recover well, though those who have their spleen removed need ongoing medical care.

Stay Alert, Stay Safe

While splenic rupture is rare, being aware of the risks and symptoms can help ensure prompt treatment if it does occur.
Concerned about your risk of splenic rupture? Discuss your medical history and lifestyle with Doctronic to understand your personal risk factors.
Additional References
  1. Renzulli P, et al. Systematic review of atraumatic splenic rupture. Br J Surg 2009; 96:1114.
  2. Aubrey-Bassler FK, Sowers N. 613 cases of splenic rupture without risk factors or previously diagnosed disease: a systematic review. BMC Emerg Med 2012; 12:11.
  3. Kocael PC, et al. Characteristics of patients with spontaneous splenic rupture. Int Surg 2014; 99:714-718.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic.