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The Hidden Risks of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Published: Sep 27, 2024
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is more than just a calcium imbalance; it poses several health risks. Discover the potential complications and risks associated with PHPT.
Bone Risks and PHPT
PHPT can significantly impact bone health, leading to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Patients with PHPT may experience more severe bone loss at cortical sites like the forearm and hip. While osteitis fibrosa cystica is rare in developed countries, it still occurs in resource-limited regions, highlighting the need for vigilance.
Kidney Complications
One of the most well-known complications of PHPT is nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, which can occur in up to 55% of patients. Hypercalciuria, or high calcium levels in urine, further increases the risk of stone formation. Subclinical kidney issues, including nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney insufficiency, can develop silently, necessitating proactive monitoring.
Cardiovascular Concerns
PHPT may be linked to cardiovascular issues such as hypertension and vascular calcification. While the exact causal relationship is not fully understood, studies suggest an association between elevated parathyroid hormone levels and increased vascular stiffness. This potential risk warrants further investigation and monitoring of cardiovascular health in PHPT patients.
Frequently Asked Questions
Cortical bones like the forearm and hip are most affected.
PHPT can cause kidney stones and other subclinical kidney issues.
PHPT may be linked to cardiovascular issues like hypertension.
Nephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones.
The Bottom Line
Awareness of the risks associated with PHPT can lead to better management and prevention of complications.
References
- Silva BC, Cusano NE, Bilezikian JP. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 38:101247.
- Ejlsmark-Svensson H, Rolighed L, Harsløf T, Rejnmark L. Risk of fractures in primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1053.
- Peacock M. Primary hyperparathyroidism and the kidney: biochemical and clinical spectrum. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17 Suppl 2:N87.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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