The cornerstone of ulcerative colitis treatment is medication. Aminosalicylates like mesalamine are often used for mild to moderate cases. Corticosteroids can quickly reduce inflammation during flares but aren't used long-term due to side effects. Immunomodulators and biologics target the immune system to control inflammation in more severe cases. These medications work like a fire brigade, putting out the inflammatory 'fire' in your colon.

While diet doesn't cause ulcerative colitis, certain foods may trigger symptoms in some people. Working with a dietitian to identify trigger foods can be helpful. Stress reduction techniques like meditation or yoga may help manage flares. Regular exercise, when possible, can improve overall health and may help reduce inflammation.

In cases where medications aren't effective or complications develop, surgery may be necessary. The most common procedure is removal of the colon and rectum (proctocolectomy) with creation of an internal pouch (ileal pouch-anal anastomosis). This eliminates the disease and allows for relatively normal bowel function. About 25-30% of ulcerative colitis patients eventually require surgery.

Treatment for ulcerative colitis is highly individualized, and what works best can vary from person to person and may change over time.