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Understanding Risk Factors and Complications of Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Published: Aug 04, 2024
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) can lead to various complications, and certain factors may increase your risk. This article explores the risk factors and potential complications of ITP.
Risk Factors for Developing ITP
While the exact cause of ITP is often unknown, certain factors may increase your risk. These include being female, as ITP is more common in women, and being over 60 years old. Some infections, such as HIV, hepatitis C, or Helicobacter pylori, can trigger ITP. Certain autoimmune conditions, like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, are also associated with a higher risk of developing ITP.
Factors Increasing Bleeding Risk
In ITP, the main concern is an increased risk of bleeding. Certain factors can make bleeding more likely or more severe. These include having a very low platelet count (especially below 10,000 per microliter), being older (particularly over 60), and having a history of significant bleeding. Some medications, like blood thinners or certain pain relievers, can also increase bleeding risk in people with ITP.
Potential Complications
While many people with ITP have mild symptoms, serious complications can occur. The most severe complication is internal bleeding, particularly in the brain, which can be life-threatening. Other potential complications include heavy menstrual bleeding in women, bleeding during pregnancy or childbirth, and an increased risk of infection in people who have their spleen removed as a treatment for ITP.
Long-Term Health Impacts
Chronic ITP can have long-term health impacts. These may include fatigue, increased risk of other autoimmune disorders, and complications from long-term treatment. For example, long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to osteoporosis, weight gain, and increased risk of infections. It's important to work closely with your healthcare team to manage these potential long-term effects.
Frequently Asked Questions
Healthy habits may help, but won't prevent all complications.
Not always; some cases resolve, while others require ongoing management.
Rarely, but regular check-ups can monitor for any changes.
There's no direct link, but some treatments may slightly increase risk.
Stress management is important, but stress alone doesn't cause complications.
The Bottom Line
Understanding ITP risk factors and potential complications can help you work with your healthcare team to manage your condition effectively.
References
- Neunert C, et al. American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019;3(23):3829-3866.
- Provan D, et al. Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019;3(22):3780-3817.
- Rodeghiero F, et al. Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group. Blood. 2009;113(11):2386-2393.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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