Bursitis can be caused by various factors, including mechanical trauma, infection, or systemic diseases like gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Mechanical causes involve repetitive movements or pressure, such as kneeling or leaning on elbows, which can irritate the bursa. Infections, particularly in superficial bursae, are often caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Systemic conditions like gout can cause crystalline deposits in the bursa, leading to inflammation.

Bursitis commonly presents with pain, swelling, and tenderness near a joint. Acute bursitis typically develops rapidly and may include warmth and redness over the affected area. Chronic bursitis develops over weeks or months and might present with less pain but more functional limitations due to muscle atrophy or joint contractures. The symptoms can sometimes be confused with other conditions like arthritis or tendonitis.

Diagnosing bursitis involves a thorough history and physical examination. In some cases, aspiration of the bursa fluid is necessary to rule out infection or crystal-induced bursitis. Imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI may be used for deeper bursae or if other conditions are suspected. These methods help confirm the presence of inflammation and guide appropriate treatment.

Understanding bursitis is essential to managing joint pain and maintaining mobility.