What is Diabetic Polyneuropathy and Why Should You Care?
What is Diabetic Polyneuropathy and Why Should You Care?
The Big Picture
Diabetic polyneuropathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes affecting the nerves. Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial for managing symptoms and improving quality of life.
Contents
- Understanding Diabetic Polyneuropathy
- Pathology of Diabetic Neuropathy
- Metabolic and Vascular Contributions
Understanding Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Diabetic polyneuropathy affects the peripheral nervous system, which includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. It is mainly characterized by nerve damage that usually starts in the feet and legs and can progress to the hands and arms. This condition is often associated with high blood sugar levels, which can lead to nerve fiber damage over time.
Pathology of Diabetic Neuropathy
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy, the most common form, involves a 'dying back' of axons, primarily affecting the longest sensory nerves. This results in numbness or pain, typically beginning in the feet. While the exact cause is complex, it's believed to involve both metabolic and vascular factors that lead to nerve damage.
Metabolic and Vascular Contributions
In diabetic polyneuropathy, excess glucose and lipids contribute to nerve damage. This metabolic overload can overwhelm the cells' energy production, leading to damage from reactive oxygen species. Additionally, vascular issues, such as reduced blood flow, can exacerbate nerve damage, creating a cycle of worsening symptoms.
FAQs
What causes diabetic polyneuropathy?
It's primarily caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels leading to nerve damage.
How does it affect the body?
It causes nerve damage leading to symptoms like numbness and pain, usually starting in the feet.
Can it be prevented?
Managing blood sugar levels can help prevent or slow its progression.
What are the risk factors?
Long duration of diabetes and poor blood sugar control increase the risk.
Wrapping Up
Understanding diabetic polyneuropathy is key to managing its symptoms and improving life quality.
Additional References
- Elafros MA, Andersen H, Bennett DL, et al. Towards prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and new treatments. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:922.
- Feldman EL, Nave KA, Jensen TS, Bennett DLH. New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, and Pain. Neuron 2017; 93:1296.
- Malik RA. Pathology of human diabetic neuropathy. Handb Clin Neurol 2014; 126:249.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic.