While many people experience mild symptoms, parvovirus B19 can cause a range of complications. It is known for causing erythema infectiosum, also known as fifth disease, which results in a rash and mild illness mostly in children. In adults, particularly women, it can cause joint pain that lasts from a few weeks to years. Rarely, it can lead to more serious conditions like transient aplastic crisis, especially in those with certain blood disorders, or chronic infections that might cause anemia.

Parvovirus B19 spreads primarily through respiratory secretions like saliva, making close contact a common method of transmission. Good hygiene practices, such as regular hand washing and avoiding sharing food or drinks, can help prevent its spread. Pregnant women should be aware of the risks, as the virus can sometimes cause fetal complications during outbreaks.

While anyone can catch parvovirus B19, certain groups are more at risk for complications. Those with weakened immune systems, pregnant women, and people with certain chronic blood disorders are particularly vulnerable. For these individuals, infection can lead to severe anemia or other health issues, highlighting the importance of preventive measures.

Understanding parvovirus B19 can help in taking preventive measures and managing symptoms effectively.