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Unraveling the Mystery: How Doctors Detect Blood in Your Urine
Published: May 24, 2024
When it comes to finding blood in urine, doctors have several tools at their disposal. Understanding these tests can help you know what to expect during a check-up.
The Dipstick Test: Your First Line of Defense
The urine dipstick test is often the first step in detecting hematuria. It's a simple, quick test that can be done in a doctor's office. A strip of paper treated with chemicals is dipped into a urine sample. If blood is present, the strip changes color. While highly sensitive, this test can sometimes give false positives, so further testing is usually needed to confirm the results.
Under the Microscope: A Closer Look
If the dipstick test is positive, the next step is usually a microscopic examination of the urine. A small amount of urine is spun in a centrifuge to concentrate any cells present. Then, a trained professional examines the sample under a microscope. They're looking for red blood cells, but they can also spot other important clues like bacteria or crystals that might indicate the cause of the hematuria.
Advanced Imaging: Seeing the Big Picture
For a more comprehensive view, doctors may order imaging tests. CT urography is often the preferred method. It uses X-rays to create detailed 3D images of your entire urinary system. Ultrasound is another option, especially for pregnant patients. It uses sound waves to create images and doesn't involve radiation. In some cases, MRI might be used, particularly if CT isn't suitable.
Cystoscopy: A Direct Look Inside
In some cases, particularly for older adults or those at high risk for bladder cancer, a doctor may recommend a cystoscopy. This procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the urethra to examine the bladder directly. While it might sound uncomfortable, it's usually done with local anesthesia and is generally well-tolerated.
Frequently Asked Questions
No, it can sometimes give false positives.
Most are painless, though cystoscopy may cause mild discomfort.
Dipstick and microscopic results are usually quick, imaging may take longer.
Your doctor will provide specific instructions if fasting is needed.
Coverage varies, check with your insurance provider.
Knowledge is Power
Understanding these tests can help you feel more in control of your health journey.
References
- Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU Guideline. J Urol 2020; 204:778.
- O'Connor OJ, McSweeney SE, Maher MM. Imaging of hematuria. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46:113.
- Expert Panel on Urological Imaging, Wolfman DJ, Marko J, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Hematuria. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:S138.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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