What is Lymphogranuloma Venereum and Why Is It on the Rise?
What is Lymphogranuloma Venereum and Why Is It on the Rise?
The Big Picture
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection that has seen a resurgence, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high-income countries. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments is crucial for preventing its spread.
Contents
- The Growing Spread of LGV
- Symptoms Across Stages
- Link to Other Diseases
The Growing Spread of LGV
Once rare in temperate climates, LGV has been increasingly reported in high-income areas such as Western Europe and North America since 2003. Large outbreaks have been documented among MSM, notably in New York City and the United Kingdom. The infection often presents as proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum, among MSM.
Symptoms Across Stages
LGV manifests in three stages. Initially, a genital ulcer or mucosal inflammation appears, often unnoticed due to its small size. Weeks later, the secondary stage involves painful swelling of lymph nodes and systemic symptoms in severe cases. If untreated, late-stage LGV can lead to severe complications like genital elephantiasis and infertility.
Link to Other Diseases
LGV is often associated with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. In outbreaks, a substantial number of MSM with LGV were also HIV-positive. This connection poses a public health concern due to the increased risk of HIV transmission during proctitis.
FAQs
What is LGV?
LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain strains of Chlamydia.
Who is most at risk?
Men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those also living with HIV, are at higher risk.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms include genital ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, and rectal inflammation.
Can untreated LGV lead to complications?
Yes, it can cause severe issues like genital deformities and infertility.
Key Takeaways
Understanding and addressing LGV is critical in preventing its further spread and impact on public health.
Additional References
- Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.
- Nieuwenhuis RF, Ossewaarde JM, Götz HM, et al. Resurgence of lymphogranuloma venereum in Western Europe.
- Pathela P, Blank S, Schillinger JA. Lymphogranuloma venereum: old pathogen, new story.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic.