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Priapism: When Erections Become a Medical Emergency
Published: Dec 23, 2023
Priapism is a persistent, often painful erection that lasts for hours and isn't related to sexual stimulation. It's a rare but serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.
Types of Priapism: Ischemic vs. Nonischemic
There are two main types of priapism: ischemic and nonischemic. Ischemic priapism is more common and occurs when blood can't leave the penis, causing a painful, rigid erection. Nonischemic priapism is less common and usually results from injury, causing a less painful, partially rigid erection.
Recognizing the Signs
The key sign of priapism is an erection lasting more than 4 hours without sexual stimulation. Ischemic priapism is usually very painful, while nonischemic priapism may be uncomfortable but less painful. If you experience these symptoms, it's crucial to seek medical help immediately.
Causes and Risk Factors
Priapism can occur in any age group but is most common in men between 20 and 50 years old. Risk factors include sickle cell disease, certain medications (especially those used for erectile dysfunction), and recreational drugs. In some cases, the cause remains unknown.
Frequently Asked Questions
Tissue damage can begin after 4-6 hours.
Yes, if not treated promptly.
Ischemic priapism is usually painful, nonischemic less so.
The Bottom Line
Priapism is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent long-term complications.
References
- Montague DK, Jarow J, Broderick GA, et al. American Urological Association guideline on the management of priapism. J Urol 2003; 170:1318.
- Broderick GA, Gordon D, Hypolite J, Levin RM. Anoxia and corporal smooth muscle dysfunction: a model for ischemic priapism. J Urol 1994; 151:259.
- Burnett AL, Anele UA, Derogatis LR. Priapism Impact Profile Questionnaire: Development and Initial Validation. Urology 2015; 85:1376.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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